BL4 8ED - Postcode information, data and statistics for BL4 8ED
BL4 8ED - Overview
| Postcode | BL4 8ED |
| Date of introduction | Jan - 1980 |
| Date of retirement | N/A |
| Parish name | Bolton, unparished area |
| Ward name | Kearsley |
| County name | (pseudo) England (UA/MD/LB) |
| Region | North West |
| UK Country name | England |
| Local authority | Bolton |
| Parliamentary name | Bolton South and Walkden |
| County Electoral Division | |
| European Electoral Region | North West |
| NHS England Region | |
| Standard Statistical Region | North West |
| Travel to Work Area | Manchester |
| Primary Care Trust | Bolton Teaching |
| Built-up Area | |
| Built-up Area Sub-division | |
| Local Enterprise Partnership | Greater Manchester |
| Police Force Area | Greater Manchester |
| Cancer Alliance | Greater Manchester |
| Integrated Care Board | NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board |
| Sub ICB | NHS Greater Manchester ICB - 00T |
| Census Area Statistics ward | Kearsley |
| 2005 ‘Statistical’ ward | Kearsley |
| International Territorial Level 1 | North West (England) |
| International Territorial Level 2 | Greater Manchester |
| International Territorial Level 3 | Greater Manchester North West |
| Local Learning and Skills Council | Greater Manchester |
| National Park Name | England (non-National Park) |
BL4 8ED - Map and Location information
| Easting | 374958 |
| Northing | 0405226 |
| Latitude | 53.5430717 |
| Longitude | -2.3793659 |
BL4 8ED - 2011 Census Data
| 2011 Census Super Group | Hard-pressed living |
| 2011 Census Group | Industrious communities |
| 2011 Census Sub Group | Industrious transitions |
| 2011 Census MSOA | Bolton 034 |
| 2011 Census LSOA | Bolton 034C |
| 2011 Census Workplace Zone Supergroup | Manufacturing and distribution |
| 2011 Census Workplace Zone Group | Business parks |
| 2011 Rural Urban Classification | (England/Wales) Urban major conurbation |
Member of Parliament (MP) for BL4 8ED
Yasmin Qureshi MP
- Name: Yasmin Qureshi
- Party: Labour
- Constituency: Bolton South and Walkden
- Start Date: 06-05-2010
Recent crimes reported nearby BL4 8ED.
Our data shows a total of 5 crimes nearby
to BL4 8ED, from Jan 2022
to Dec 2024. We report "nearby" crimes as those in the same
2011
Census LSOA area. BL4 8ED is
in the
Bolton 034C LSOA area. The table below therefore reflects all recent
crimes in that area.
The location information contained in the crimes data is approximate for privacy purposes.
The location information contained in the crimes data is approximate for privacy purposes.
Note: LSOA areas are "lower layer super output areas". A Lower Layer Super
Output Area (LSOA) is a
geographic
area. Lower Layer Super Output Areas are a geographic hierarchy designed to improve the
reporting of small
area statistics in England and Wales. In Northern Ireland these zones are referred to as
Super
Output Areas.
In Scotland the areas are known as Data Zones.
There are 32,844 Lower Super Output Areas in England, 890 Super Output Areas in Northern
Ireland, 6,976 Data
Zones in Scotland and 1,909 Lower Super Output Areas in Wales.
For reference LSOAs in England & Wales have an average population of approximately 1500
people
or 650
households. This is an average and postcode BL4 8ED ( LSOA Area
- Bolton 034C ) may have differing population numbers.
Breakdown of recent crimes reported nearby BL4 8ED .
| Month | Reported by | Location | Crime type | Last outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2024 | British Transport Police | On or near Kearsley (Station) | Vehicle crime | |
| Oct 2024 | Lancashire Constabulary | On or near Howard Avenue | Violence and sexual offences | Unable to prosecute suspect |
| May 2024 | British Transport Police | On or near Kearsley (Station) | Drugs | |
| Oct 2022 | British Transport Police | On or near Kearsley (Station) | Criminal damage and arson | |
| Feb 2022 | British Transport Police | On or near Kearsley (Station) | Violence and sexual offences |
Schools nearby BL4 8ED.
Our data contains 21 schools nearby the
postcode BL4 8ED.
The schools listed are in the same postcode district as BL4 8ED. e.g. We are
displaying schools that have the postcode starting with BL4.
- School name: Grosvenor Nursery School and Day Care Centre
- School type: Local authority nursery school
- Phase: Nursery
- Lower age: 2
- Upper age: 4
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Not applicable
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity:
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 123 (Boys: 50 / Girls: 73 )
- Address: Lord Street, Kearsley, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 8AR
- Website: www.grosvenor.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204337343
- School name: The Orchards Nursery School
- School type: Local authority nursery school
- Phase: Nursery
- Lower age: 2
- Upper age: 4
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Not applicable
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity:
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 98 (Boys: 43 / Girls: 55 )
- Address: Lower Orchards, Highfield Road, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0RA
- Website: www.theorchardsfederation.org.uk
- Telephone: 01204332680
- School name: Highfield Primary School
- School type: Community school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 4
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 420
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 414 (Boys: 181 / Girls: 233 )
- Address: Marsh Lane, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0AP
- Website: www.highfield.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204571749
- School name: Kearsley West Primary School
- School type: Community school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 3
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 262
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 244 (Boys: 116 / Girls: 128 )
- Address: Primrose Street, Kearsley, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 9BZ
- Website: www.kearsleywest.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204332600
- School name: Cherry Tree Primary School
- School type: Community school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 4
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 420
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 401 (Boys: 208 / Girls: 193 )
- Address: Highfield Road, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0NS
- Website: www.theorchardsfederation.org.uk
- Telephone: 01204335883
- School name: Spindle Point Primary School
- School type: Community school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 3
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 210
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 236 (Boys: 110 / Girls: 126 )
- Address: Moss Lane, Kearsley, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 8SE
- Website: www.spindle-point.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204333458
- School name: All Saints CofE Primary School
- School type: Voluntary aided school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 2
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 294
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 271 (Boys: 150 / Girls: 121 )
- Address: Devon Street, Farnworth, Devon Street, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 7PY
- Website: www.all-saints.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204333083
- School name: St Peter's CofE Primary School
- School type: Voluntary aided school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 4
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 420
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 425 (Boys: 221 / Girls: 204 )
- Address: Alexandra Street, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 9JT
- Website: http://www.st-peters-farnworth.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204333090
- School name: St Stephen's CofE Primary School
- School type: Voluntary aided school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 4
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 210
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 190 (Boys: 97 / Girls: 93 )
- Address: Bent Spur Road, Kearsley, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 8PB
- Website: www.ststephenskearsley.co.uk
- Telephone: 01204333642
- School name: Our Lady of Lourdes RC Primary School
- School type: Voluntary aided school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 3
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 210
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 234 (Boys: 115 / Girls: 119 )
- Address: Beech Avenue, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0BP
- Website: www.ourlady.bolton.sch.uk/
- Telephone: 01204333181
- School name: Green Fold School
- School type: Community special school
- Phase: Not applicable
- Lower age: 2
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Not applicable
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 132
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 166 (Boys: 115 / Girls: 51 )
- Address: Highfield Road, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0NS
- Website: http://theorchardsfederation.org.uk
- Telephone: 01204335883
- School name: Queensbridge Primary School
- School type: Community school
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 3
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 210
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 246 (Boys: 128 / Girls: 118 )
- Address: St Germain Street, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 7BL
- Website: https://www.queensbridge.bolton.sch.uk/
- Telephone: 01204332577
- School name: Kearsley Academy
- School type: Academy sponsor led
- Phase: Secondary
- Lower age: 11
- Upper age: 16
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Not applicable
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 950
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 765 (Boys: 399 / Girls: 366 )
- Address: Springfield Road, Kearsley, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 8HY
- Website: http://www.ka.northerneducationtrust.org/
- Telephone: 01204332555
- School name: The Ferns Primary Academy
- School type: Academy sponsor led
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 3
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 420
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 457 (Boys: 232 / Girls: 225 )
- Address: Plodder Lane, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0DA
- Website: https://tfa.northerneducationtrust.org/
- Telephone: 01204471277
- School name: St James CofE Primary School, Farnworth
- School type: Academy converter
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 2
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Has Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 362
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 344 (Boys: 178 / Girls: 166 )
- Address: Hillside Avenue, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 9QB
- Website: http://www.st-james-farnworth.bolton.sch.uk/
- Telephone: 01204572587
- School name: Harper Green School
- School type: Academy converter
- Phase: Secondary
- Lower age: 11
- Upper age: 16
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 1250
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 1132 (Boys: 601 / Girls: 531 )
- Address: Harper Green Road, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 0DH
- Website: http://www.harper-green.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204572941
- School name: St James's Church of England High School
- School type: Academy converter
- Phase: Secondary
- Lower age: 11
- Upper age: 16
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 1050
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 1051 (Boys: 552 / Girls: 499 )
- Address: Lucas Road, Farnworth, Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL4 9RU
- Website: http://www.st-james.bolton.sch.uk/
- Telephone: 01204333000
- School name: Woodbridge College
- School type: Special post 16 institution
- Phase: Not applicable
- Lower age: 19
- Upper age: 25
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: Not applicable
- Sixth form provision: Not applicable
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 30
- Number of pupils (at ): (Boys: / Girls: )
- Address: Springfield Road, Kearsley, Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL4 8LB
- Website: www.woodbridgecollege.bolton.sch.uk
- Telephone: 01204332382
- School name: St Gregory's RC Primary School, A Voluntary Academy
- School type: Academy sponsor led
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 4
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 210
- Number of pupils (at 18/01/2024): 188 (Boys: 94 / Girls: 94 )
- Address: Presto Street, Farnworth, Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL4 8AJ
- Website: www.stgregorys.stoccat.org.uk
- Telephone: 01204332658
- School name: St John Church of England Primary School, Farnworth
- School type: Academy converter
- Phase: Primary
- Lower age: 5
- Upper age: 11
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 210
- Number of pupils (at ): (Boys: / Girls: )
- Address: Church Road, Kearsley, Bolton, Lancashire, BL4 8AP
- Website: www.st-johns-kearsley.bolton.sch.uk/
- Telephone: 01204333101
- School name: Mount St Joseph RC High School a Voluntary Academy
- School type: Academy converter
- Phase: Secondary
- Lower age: 11
- Upper age: 16
- Boarding provision: No boarders
- Nursery provision: No Nursery Classes
- Sixth form provision: Does not have a sixth form
- Genders: Mixed
- School Capacity: 900
- Number of pupils (at ): (Boys: / Girls: )
- Address: Greenland Road, Bolton, BL4 0HT
- Website: https://www.msj.stoccat.org.uk/
- Telephone: 01204391800
Historical House Sale Prices in BL4 8ED
| Date | Price | Property Type | Leasehold / Freehold | Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 2024 | £185,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 59, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2023 | £190,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 121, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Sep 2022 | £144,950 | Terraced | Leasehold | 21, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2022 | £138,500 | Terraced | Leasehold | 59, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2022 | £207,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 47, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2022 | £200,000 | Other | Leasehold | 23, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 2022 | £117,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 21, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| May 2022 | £124,500 | Terraced | Leasehold | 21, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Mar 2022 | £125,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 25, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Mar 2022 | £205,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 57, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2022 | £250,000 | Detached | Leasehold | 37, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2021 | £115,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 23, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2021 | £179,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 79, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Mar 2021 | £160,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 55, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2021 | £173,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 43, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2020 | £220,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 119, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2020 | £100,500 | Terraced | Leasehold | 61, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2019 | £167,000 | Other | Leasehold | 29, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Apr 2019 | £111,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 43, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Mar 2019 | £130,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 39, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Dec 2018 | £138,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 45, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2018 | £150,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 55, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2018 | £383,000 | Detached | Freehold | 107, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jan 2018 | £235,000 | Detached | Leasehold | 97, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2017 | £225,000 | Semi Detached | Freehold | 115, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2017 | £130,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 47, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2017 | £160,000 | Terraced | Freehold | 51, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jun 2016 | £167,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 119, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Mar 2016 | £180,000 | Semi Detached | Freehold | 115, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jan 2016 | £96,000 | Terraced | Freehold | 51, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2014 | £125,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 89, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2010 | £75,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 45, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2010 | £133,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 117, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 2008 | £129,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 23, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2007 | £124,950 | Terraced | Leasehold | 47, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2007 | £145,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 119, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 2007 | £138,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 55, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 2005 | £108,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 85, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| May 2005 | £93,500 | Terraced | Leasehold | 65, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2005 | £159,950 | Terraced | Leasehold | 89, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Dec 2004 | £220,000 | Detached | Leasehold | 97, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 2004 | £58,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 125, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jan 2004 | £60,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 23, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2003 | £139,950 | Detached | Leasehold | 29, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| May 2003 | £45,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 125, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| May 2003 | £83,000 | Semi Detached | Leasehold | 19, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Apr 2003 | £148,950 | Detached | Leasehold | 97, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Dec 2002 | £143,567 | Detached | Leasehold | 97, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2002 | £65,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 117, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jun 2002 | £52,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 55, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jan 2002 | £92,000 | Detached | Leasehold | 29, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2001 | £62,250 | Semi Detached | Freehold | 115, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 2001 | £56,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 67, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| May 2001 | £43,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 69, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2000 | £35,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 125, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 2000 | £45,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 47, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 1999 | £34,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 125, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Oct 1998 | £51,500 | Detached | Leasehold | 71, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 1998 | £70,000 | Detached | Freehold | 107, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jan 1998 | £25,500 | Semi Detached | Leasehold | 19, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Nov 1997 | £35,500 | Terraced | Leasehold | 49, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 1997 | £35,500 | Terraced | Leasehold | 25, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Mar 1997 | £72,000 | Detached | Freehold | 107, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 1997 | £45,000 | Semi Detached | Freehold | 115, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 1996 | £60,000 | Detached | Freehold | 107, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Feb 1996 | £13,100 | Terraced | Leasehold | 25, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Aug 1995 | £37,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 47, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jul 1995 | £23,000 | Terraced | Leasehold | 125, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
| Jun 1995 | £42,500 | Semi Detached | Leasehold | 19, Station Road, Bolton, BL4 8ED |
Broadband (internet) speeds and availability in postcode BL4 8ED .
- Average download speed: 58.5 Mbps
- Maximum download speed: 80 Mbps
- Average upload speed: 15 Mbps
- Maximum upload speed: 20 Mbps
- Average data usage (per month): 496 GB
Broadband speeds and the
number of connections in BL4 8ED
| less than 2Mbps | 2Mbps - 5Mbps | 5Mbps - 10Mbps | 10Mbps - 20Mbps | 30Mbps - 300Mbps | over 300 Mbps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 0 |
Data from Ofcom, based on a snapshot from internet
providers in 2023.